city
Rome
Rome, Italy
41.890, 12.492
Attested. A first-century community is certain. The later shape of papal authority developed over centuries and was disputed.
Capital of the empire and home to a Greek-speaking Christian community by the mid-first century, addressed by Paul. By the third century its bishop claimed a growing, and contested, primacy.
Sources
No separate modern citation is attached to this place. The confidence note above is the atlas summary of the evidence.
Cited notes
57. Paul writes to 'all in Rome who are loved by God'.
Romans 1:7 (BSB) · Verified in the source note
140. Irenaeus says Valentinus came to Rome in the time of Hyginus, and Cerdo was followed by Marcion.
Irenaeus, Against Heresies III.4.3 (ANF 1) · Verified in the source note
Further reading
Councils here
None in this list.