Epiphanius, Panarion ('Medicine Chest' against 80 heresies)
c. c. 374 – c. 377
Place: salamis · coming soon
35.183, 33.900 · On the map
The text survives. It is HOSTILE: its categories (e.g., separating 'Nasaraeans' from 'Nazoraeans') may be Epiphanius' own systematising, so treat it with care.
Bishop Epiphanius of Salamis catalogued 80 'heresies', including Nazoraeans, Ebionites, Elchasaites and an Arabian group of women who offered bread-cakes to Mary. It is a key source for groups whose own writings are lost, and it is consistently hostile to them.
People named here
- Epiphanius of Salamis
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Collyridians: Marian devotion in Arabia (per Epiphanius)
The only source for the Collyridians, and a hostile one (Panarion 78–79).
reports
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Jewish-Christian gospels (Hebrews, Nazoraeans, Ebionites)
Epiphanius quotes the Gospel of the Ebionites (Panarion 30).
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Epiphanius describes Nazoraeans (and separately 'Nasaraeans'); hostile.
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Epiphanius describes the Elchasaites/Sampsaeans east of the Dead Sea; hostile.
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attested
Sources
- Wikipedia: Panarion
Wikipedia contributors (CC BY-SA 4.0). Accessed 2026-11-11.
- Wikipedia: Epiphanius of Salamis
Wikipedia contributors (CC BY-SA 4.0). Accessed 2026-11-11.
- Stephen J. Shoemaker, 'Epiphanius of Salamis, the Kollyridians, and the Early Dormition Narratives', Journal of Early Christian Studies 16.3 (2008), 371–401
Johns Hopkins UP. Accessed 2026-11-11.