city
Atil (Khazar capital; Jewish ruling elite)
near Astrakhan (location uncertain), Russia · Wider Abrahamic world
46.030, 47.870
Approximate location.
Disputed. The Khazar conversion is attested in multiple sources, but its extent and date are debated. The site of Atil is unconfirmed, and the point is approximate.
This photograph shows the modern city, or the Wikipedia lead subject, rather than the ancient site itself.
Khazaria's capital on the lower Volga, where the ruling elite adopted Judaism around 740–860 according to the Khazar Correspondence and Muslim geographers. Svyatoslav of Kiev destroyed it around 965–969. Its exact site has not been confirmed. Samosdelka is a candidate.
Source stance: neutral.
People and groups named here
- Bulan (traditional)
- Joseph (khagan, correspondence)
- Svyatoslav I
Sources
- "Chazars", Jewish Encyclopedia (1906)
Jewish Encyclopedia / Funk & Wagnalls (public domain). Accessed 2026-11-11.
- "Joseph, King Of The Chazars", Jewish Encyclopedia (1906)
Jewish Encyclopedia / Funk & Wagnalls (public domain). Accessed 2026-11-11.
- Atil (Wikipedia)
Wikipedia contributors (CC BY-SA 4.0). Accessed 2026-11-11.
Further reading
Councils here
None in this list.