Council
Carthage
418 · Carthage
Attested. The 418 canons and the exile are documented. How fairly they describe Pelagius's own sentences is debated.
Convened by. African bishops, with Augustine influential
Issues. Teachings associated with Pelagius and Caelestius on grace, infant baptism, and the possibility of sinlessness.
Outcomes. Canons rejected the claim that humans can fulfill God's commands without interior grace, and they required infant baptism. An imperial rescript the same year exiled Pelagius. 'Pelagianism' as a neat system is partly Augustine's map of his opponents.
Canons or creeds. Doctrinal canons, not a Bible list. A later African council in 419 recompiled disciplinary canons.